The lexical system has, like orthography, been strongly affected by codification. Two interrelated trends can be distinguished, (a) the enrichment of the lexical stock through the formation (via coinage, semantic expansion, borrowing, etc.) of new words for new ideas and concepts, i.e., modernization, and (b) the Kurdization of thousands of words and phrases borrowed primarily from and through Arabic, Persian and Turkish.

The lexical system has, like orthography, been strongly affected by codification. Two interrelated trends can be distinguished, (a) the enrichment of the lexical stock through the formation (via coinage, semantic expansion, borrowing, etc.) of new words for new ideas and concepts, i.e., modernization, and (b) the Kurdization of thousands of words and phrases borrowed primarily from and through Arabic, Persian and Turkish.