{"id":803,"date":"2009-06-26T21:55:26","date_gmt":"2009-06-26T21:55:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp\/wordpress\/puxteya-pirtuka-elifbeyi-latini-iii\/"},"modified":"2009-06-26T21:55:26","modified_gmt":"2009-06-26T21:55:26","slug":"puxteya-pirtuka-elifbeyi-latini-iii","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kurdishacademy.org\/?page_id=803","title":{"rendered":"P\u00faxteya Pirt\u00faka &#8220;Elifbey\u00ed Lat\u00edn\u00ed&#8221; (III)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" alignright size-full wp-image-798\" width=\"200\" height=\"130\" vspace=\"3\" hspace=\"3\" border=\"1\" align=\"right\" title=\"Elfub&eacute;y&iacute; Lat&iacute;n&iacute;\" class=\"caption\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/localhost\/wp\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/06\/elfubeyi-latini.jpg\" \/>Veguhastin &uacute; P&eacute;shk&eacute;shkirin: Halloj&iacute; Lar&eacute;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ferhat Shakel&iacute;:<\/strong> &raquo;Div&eacute; biryar&eacute; bidin ku ziman&eacute; kurdiya jh&eacute;r&iacute;n ku cend&iacute;n sal in rola ziman&eacute; standard dileyze, ku bi alfabeya kurd&iacute; di maweya hezar sal&iacute; de geshe kiriye, bibe ziman&eacute; resm&iacute; y&eacute; her&eacute;ma Kurdistan&eacute;. Yan&eacute; di sertaser&eacute; her&eacute;ma Kurdistana &Iacute;raq&eacute; de bibe ziman&eacute; &iacute;dar&iacute; y&eacute; hik&uacute;met, xwendin, perwerde, dezgeh&eacute;n resm&iacute; &uacute; gisht&iacute; y&eacute;n ragihandin&eacute;. &laquo;<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" alignright size-full wp-image-798\" width=\"200\" height=\"130\" vspace=\"3\" hspace=\"3\" border=\"1\" align=\"right\" title=\"Elfub&eacute;y&iacute; Lat&iacute;n&iacute;\" class=\"caption\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/localhost\/wp\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/06\/elfubeyi-latini.jpg\" \/>Veguhastin &uacute; P&eacute;shk&eacute;shkirin: Halloj&iacute; Lar&eacute;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ferhat Shakel&iacute;:<\/strong> &raquo;Div&eacute; biryar&eacute; bidin ku ziman&eacute; kurdiya jh&eacute;r&iacute;n ku cend&iacute;n sal in rola ziman&eacute; standard dileyze, ku bi alfabeya kurd&iacute; di maweya hezar sal&iacute; de geshe kiriye, bibe ziman&eacute; resm&iacute; y&eacute; her&eacute;ma Kurdistan&eacute;. Yan&eacute; di sertaser&eacute; her&eacute;ma Kurdistana &Iacute;raq&eacute; de bibe ziman&eacute; &iacute;dar&iacute; y&eacute; hik&uacute;met, xwendin, perwerde, dezgeh&eacute;n resm&iacute; &uacute; gisht&iacute; y&eacute;n ragihandin&eacute;. &laquo;<\/p>\n<p><!--break--><\/p>\n<p>Eger em bi n&eacute;r&iacute;neke jivak&iacute; li zaraveyan bin&eacute;rin, c&eacute;dibe hindek zarave jhi zaravey&eacute;n d&iacute; navdartir &uacute; shikodartir bin. Rastiya ziman&eacute; ku p&eacute;sh ve dice &uacute; dibe zimanek&iacute; standard ew e ku her jhi ber&eacute; ve jhi aliy&eacute; jivak&iacute; ve navdar &uacute; shikodar b&uacute;ye, bi navendeke siyas&iacute; yan kultur&iacute; re gir&eacute;day&iacute; b&uacute;ye; bo nim&uacute;ne bajhar&eacute; London&eacute; bo &iacute;ng&iacute;l&iacute;z&iacute;, bajhar&eacute; Par&iacute;s&eacute; bo ziman&eacute; frans&iacute;. Zaravey&eacute;n jida y&eacute;n ziman&eacute; kurd&iacute; di serdem&eacute;n jida de jhi ber minasibiya derfetan b&uacute;ne ziman&eacute; navendeke desthilata siyas&iacute; yan navendeke kultur&iacute; &uacute; pashe jh&iacute; p&eacute;sh ve c&uacute;ne &uacute; b&uacute;ne ziman&eacute; standard. Di M&iacute;rnish&iacute;na Erdelan&eacute; de zaravey&eacute; goran&iacute; demeke dir&eacute;jh, zimanek&iacute; edeb&iacute; b&uacute;ye, jhi aliy&eacute; edebiyat&eacute; ve desthilata w&eacute; digehisht Sharez&uacute;r &uacute; Germiyana Kurdistana &Iacute;raq&eacute; jh&iacute; l&eacute; neb&uacute;ye zimanek&iacute; siyas&iacute;, neb&uacute;ye zimanek&iacute; xwendin&eacute; &uacute; ne jh&iacute; b&uacute;ye zimanek&iacute; perwerdey&eacute;. Di M&iacute;rnish&iacute;na Botan&eacute; de jh&iacute; devoka botan&iacute; roleke wiha leyiztiye. Hilweshan &uacute; jhinavc&uacute;na herdu m&iacute;rnish&iacute;n&eacute;n Erdelan &uacute; Botan&eacute; di naverasta sedsala 19-y&eacute; de, jhi aliy&eacute; m&eacute;jh&uacute;y&iacute; &uacute; zimanevaniy&eacute; ve, ew derfet jh&eacute; sitandiye ku bikaribin bibin ziman&eacute; standard y&eacute; kurd&iacute;.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Nim&uacute;neya devoka Sil&eacute;maniy&eacute; wek navendeke siyas&iacute; &uacute; kultur&iacute;, jhi gelek aliyan ve jhi ezm&uacute;na herdu m&iacute;rnish&iacute;n&eacute;n Erdelan &uacute; Botan&eacute; &uacute; jhi goran&iacute; &uacute; botan&iacute; jida ye. Bi peydab&uacute;na M&iacute;rnish&iacute;na Baban &uacute; desthilata siyas&iacute; ya w&eacute; m&iacute;rnish&iacute;n&eacute;, zaraveyek b&uacute;ye ziman&eacute; edeb&iacute; ku her jhi destp&eacute;k&eacute; ve t&eacute;keliyeke jhi devok&eacute;n Baban, Sharez&uacute;r, Qeredax &uacute; Kerk&uacute;k&eacute; b&uacute;ye. Derfeteke pir gir&iacute;ng ya m&eacute;jh&uacute;y&iacute; &uacute; kart&eacute;ker di nexsheya v&iacute; zaravey&iacute; de ew b&uacute; ku bi r&uacute;xana M&iacute;rnish&iacute;na Baban jh&iacute;, bikaran&iacute;na v&iacute; zaravey&iacute; nerawestiyaye belk&iacute; d&iacute;sa desthilateke d&iacute; ya siyas&iacute; ya kurd di navcey&eacute; de peyda b&uacute;ye &uacute; valayiya nemana desthilata Baban tijhe kiriye; desthilata hik&uacute;meta Kurdistana Bash&uacute;r ya bi serkirdayetiya Sh&eacute;x Mehm&uacute;d&iacute; Hef&iacute;d. Jhi wir &uacute; p&eacute; de ziman&eacute; kurd&iacute; derfeteke pir mezin bi dest xist &uacute; b&uacute; ziman&eacute; desthilata siyas&iacute; ya hik&uacute;meta Sh&eacute;x Mehm&uacute;d&iacute; &uacute; b&uacute; ziman&eacute; dezgeh&eacute;n ragihandin, capemen&iacute; &uacute; pashe b&uacute; ziman&eacute; xwendin&eacute;. Heya bigire bi r&uacute;xana desthilata siyas&iacute; ya hik&uacute;meta Sh&eacute;x Mehm&uacute;d&iacute; jh&iacute; rola ziman&eacute; kurd&iacute; k&eacute;m neb&uacute;ye belk&iacute; li gor dest&uacute;ra dewleta &Iacute;raq&eacute; ya n&uacute;, ziman&eacute; kurd&iacute; r&eacute; p&eacute; hate day&iacute;n ku di xwendin, capemen&iacute; &uacute; ragihandin&eacute; de b&eacute;t bi kar an&iacute;n, pileyeke mezintir wergirt &uacute; bingeheke firehti jh&eacute; re c&eacute;b&uacute;. Di berdewamiya serdema pashayetiy&eacute; ya di &Iacute;raq&eacute; de p&eacute;shvec&uacute;na ziman&eacute; kurd&iacute; qet ranewestiyaye belk&iacute; z&eacute;detir jh&iacute; p&eacute;sh ve c&uacute;, nemaze wexta ku besh&eacute; kurd&iacute; di Radyoya Bexday&eacute; de veb&uacute; &uacute; bi v&iacute; away&iacute; rola ziman&eacute; kurd&iacute; wek ziman&eacute; ragihandin&eacute; xurtir b&uacute;, heya bigire tes&iacute;r li ser besh&eacute;n d&iacute; y&eacute;n Kurdistan&eacute; dikir. Di serdema r&eacute;jh&iacute;ma komar&iacute; de wexta ku di zan&iacute;ngeha Bexday&eacute; de besh&eacute; ziman&eacute; kurd&iacute; hate vekirin, bir&eacute;vebiriya xwendina kurd&iacute; hate vekirin, di sal&eacute;n daw&iacute;n y&eacute;n 1960-an de Komeleya Desteya Zanist&iacute; &uacute; Kultur&iacute; ya bo p&eacute;shxistin &uacute; parastina ziman &uacute; kultur&eacute; kurd&iacute; hate p&eacute;kan&iacute;n &uacute; weshana telev&iacute;zyon&eacute; ya bi kurd&iacute; jh&iacute; dest p&eacute; kir, ziman&eacute; kurd&iacute; di r&eacute;ya standardb&uacute;n&eacute; de pileyeke d&iacute; jh&iacute; p&eacute;sh ket. C&eacute;dibe reshtir&iacute;n maweya ziman &uacute; kultur&eacute; kurd&iacute; di serdema n&uacute; de sal&eacute;n 1963-1966&eacute; bin.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>T&eacute;kiliy&eacute;n siyas&iacute; &uacute; kultur&iacute; y&eacute;n di navbera herdu besh&eacute;n Kurdistan&eacute;; &Iacute;ran &uacute; &Iacute;raq&eacute; de jh&iacute; ci di serdema Komara Demokrat&iacute;k ya Kurdistan&eacute; li Mehabad&eacute; de &uacute; ci sal&eacute;n shoresha cekdar&iacute; ya Kurdistana &Iacute;raq&eacute; &uacute; ci sal&eacute;n r&eacute;keftina 1970-1974&eacute; &uacute; ci jh&iacute; di serdema Komara &Iacute;slam&iacute; ya &Iacute;ran&eacute; de, b&uacute;ne sedema dewlemendb&uacute;na ziman&eacute; standard y&eacute; Kurd&iacute;. Pashe bikaran&iacute;na v&iacute; ziman&iacute; Kurdistana &Iacute;raq&eacute; derbas kir &uacute; besh&eacute; her&eacute; mezin y&eacute; Kurdistana &Iacute;ran&eacute; jh&iacute; girt nava xwe.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Di Kurdistan&eacute; de jhimarek zarave &uacute; devok hene ku li ba hev jhiyane &uacute; p&eacute;sh ve c&uacute;ne &uacute; di parastina kultur &uacute; fikir&eacute;n ax&eacute;ver&eacute;n w&eacute; de roleke wan heb&uacute;ye. Jhi ber cend sedem&eacute;n siyas&iacute; &uacute; nesiyas&iacute;, s&eacute; zaravey&eacute;n ziman&eacute; kurd&iacute;, maweyek wek zimanek&iacute; edeb&iacute; di navceyeke diyarkir&iacute; de hatine bikaran&iacute;n l&eacute; jhi wan zaraveyan ten&eacute; zaravey&eacute; kurdiya naverast yan jh&eacute;r&iacute;n b&eacute;navber bi awayek&iacute; domdar p&eacute;sh ve c&uacute;ye &uacute; b&uacute;ye ziman&eacute; standard. Ez dixwazin bal bikish&iacute;nim ser w&eacute; cend&eacute; ku nexsheya du zaravey&eacute;n di (goran&iacute;, botan&iacute;) nexsheya zimanek&iacute; edeb&iacute; b&uacute; yan&eacute; ziman&eacute; sh&iacute;&rsquo;r &uacute; pexshan&eacute;, l&eacute; bel&eacute; neb&uacute;n ziman&eacute; zanist, siyaset &uacute; ragihandin&eacute;.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Zaravey&eacute; kurmanjiya bak&uacute;r an kurdiya jhor&iacute;n, pisht&iacute; dabiraneke d&uacute;r&uacute;dir&eacute;jh di naverasta sedsala b&iacute;st&eacute; de jareke d&iacute; hate bikaran&iacute;n &uacute; jhi bo niv&iacute;s&iacute;n&eacute; hatiye bikaran&iacute;n. Hevdem di gel w&eacute; bikarhatin&eacute; de guher&iacute;n &uacute; p&eacute;shvec&uacute;nek di kurmanjiy&eacute; de r&uacute; daye ku tes&iacute;reke k&uacute;r &uacute; careniv&iacute;ssaz li ser w&eacute; kir; guher&iacute;na alfabey&eacute;. Di gel w&eacute; yek&eacute; jh&iacute; kurdiya jh&eacute;r&iacute;n di maweya n&eacute;z&iacute;k&iacute; 250 sal&eacute;n bor&iacute; de her bi alfabeyek&eacute; hatiye niv&iacute;s&iacute;n &uacute; qonax bi qonax jh&iacute; reform di alfabe &uacute; r&eacute;niv&iacute;sa w&eacute; de hatine kirin, heta radeyek&eacute; ku nuha di nav ziman&eacute;n ku alfabeya wan li ser bingeha alfabeya ereb&iacute; hatine dan&iacute;n, ziman&eacute; kurd&iacute; xwediy&eacute; p&eacute;shkeft&iacute;tirin s&iacute;stema niv&iacute;s&iacute;n&eacute; ye. Yan&eacute; ziman&eacute; kurd&iacute; kariye li jih&eacute; wan &iacute;sheret&eacute;n ku piraniya ziman&eacute;n d&iacute;, di niv&iacute;s&iacute;n&eacute; de bi kar t&iacute;nin, li hember bizw&eacute;nan (dengd&eacute;r), t&iacute;p &uacute; n&iacute;shaney&eacute;n taybet dabine.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Zaravey&eacute; kurmanjiya jhor&iacute;n ku ber&eacute; her bi alfabeya kurd&iacute; hatiye niv&iacute;s&iacute;n (ku bi wan zaravey&eacute;n goran&iacute; &uacute; kurmanjiya jh&eacute;r&iacute;n jh&iacute; hatine niv&iacute;s&iacute;n), jhi naverasta sedsala b&iacute;st&eacute; ve b&uacute; bi zimanek&iacute; ku bi s&eacute; alfabey&eacute;n jida t&eacute; niv&iacute;s&iacute;n. Kurd&eacute;n Sovyet&eacute;n ber&eacute;, li gor siyaseta Stal&iacute;n&iacute; ya bo dabir&iacute;na gel&eacute;n nav sinor&eacute;n Sovyetan jhi hevziman &uacute; hevregez&eacute;n j&iacute;ran, alfabeyeke kir&iacute;l&iacute; ya taybet jhi xwe re c&eacute; kir &uacute; heta destp&eacute;ka nod&eacute;n sedsala bor&iacute; bi awayek&iacute; akt&iacute;v bi kar an&iacute;n. Kurd&eacute;n Tirkiyey&eacute; alfabeya kurd&iacute; jhi b&iacute;r kir &uacute; f&eacute;r&iacute; ziman&eacute; tirk&iacute; &uacute; alfabeya tirk&iacute; hatin kirin &uacute; t&eacute;kiliya wan bi ziman&eacute; kurd&iacute; re nema. Pisht&iacute; w&eacute; cend&eacute; jh&iacute; Jeladet Bedirxan&iacute; jh&iacute; li ser bingeha alfabeya tirk&iacute;, alfabeyeke lat&iacute;n&iacute; c&eacute; kir &uacute; di carcoveyeke pir teng de belav kiriye &uacute; hindek jhi shagird&eacute;n w&iacute; dest bi belavkirina niv&iacute;s&eacute;n kurmanjiya jh&eacute;r&iacute;n y&eacute;n bi alfabeya lat&iacute;n&iacute; kir. Niv&iacute;skar&eacute;n behd&iacute;nan&iacute; y&eacute;n li Kurdistan&eacute; &Iacute;raq&eacute; her li ser bikaran&iacute;na alfabeya kurd&iacute; man &uacute; ew jh&iacute; jhi guher&iacute;n &uacute; reform&eacute;n zimanevaniy&eacute; y&eacute;n li kurmanjiya jh&eacute;r&iacute;n mifadar b&uacute;n &uacute; dest bi bikaran&iacute;na w&eacute; kir.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Di enjam&eacute; v&eacute; p&eacute;shvec&uacute;n&eacute; &uacute; guher&iacute;nan de kurdiya bakur, kurmanj&iacute; ne ku ten&eacute; alfabeya xwe guhert belk&iacute; wek zimanek&iacute; edeb&iacute; (ku di sinorek&iacute; teng de hatiye bikaran&iacute;n), jhi aliy&eacute; genj&iacute;neya peyiv &uacute; r&eacute;zimaniy&eacute; ve jh&iacute; guher&iacute;n&eacute;n mezin bi ser de hatine. Guher&iacute;na r&eacute;ziman&iacute; ya di kurmanjiya jhor&iacute;n de jhi w&eacute; cend&eacute; q&uacute;ltir e ku em wek hindek jidahiy&eacute;n bic&uacute;k l&eacute; bin&eacute;rin. Ev guher&iacute;n rewsh&eacute;n nav (kasus, jase) s&iacute;stem&eacute; kirdar &uacute; sentaks&eacute; jh&iacute; digire nav xwe. Nuha cax&eacute; ku wek zimanek&iacute; edeb&iacute; behsa kurmanjiya jhor&iacute;n dikin, di rastiy&eacute; de behsa s&eacute; away&eacute;n jida dikin ku bi temam&iacute; jhi hev d&uacute;r ketine; devoka kurdiya Sovyet&eacute;n ber&eacute;, away&eacute; kurmanjiya Botan&iacute; (devoka Jez&iacute;re) ku besheke mezin ya niv&iacute;skar&eacute;n kurd y&eacute;n Tirkiyey&eacute; bi kar t&iacute;nin &uacute; devoka Behd&iacute;n&iacute;. Tu jhi van s&eacute; devok&eacute;n kurmanjiya jhor&iacute;n, jhi ber jhimareyek sedem&eacute;n siyas&iacute;, nekariye wek zimanek&iacute; standard rol bileyze.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Em dikarin b&eacute;jhin nexsheya ziman&eacute; kurd&iacute; y&eacute; &iacute;ro jhi cend zaraveyan p&eacute;k hatiye ku jhi aliy&eacute; p&eacute;shkeftin &uacute; stadardb&uacute;n &uacute; bikaran&iacute;n&eacute; ve di pile &uacute; ast&eacute;n jida de ne. Di nav zaravey&eacute;n ziman&eacute; kurd&iacute; de kurmanjiya bak&uacute;r &uacute; kurmanjiya bash&uacute;r (kurdiya jhor&iacute;n &uacute; kurdiya jh&eacute;r&iacute;n yan navend) jhi y&eacute;n d&iacute; z&eacute;detir t&eacute;n bikaran&iacute;n &uacute; p&eacute;sh ve c&uacute;ne. Kurdiya jh&eacute;r&iacute;n take zaravey&eacute; ziman&eacute; kurd&iacute; ye ku em dikarin wek zimanek&iacute; standard p&eacute;nase bikin, cimk&iacute; di m&eacute;jh&uacute;y&eacute; de gelek jaran &uacute; nuha jh&iacute; b&uacute;ye ziman&eacute; xwendin, perwerde, bir&eacute;vebirina dewlet, capemeni &uacute; ziman&eacute; ragihandin&eacute; &uacute; di war&eacute;n zanistiy&eacute; de p&eacute; hatiye niv&iacute;s&iacute;n. Kurdiya jhor&iacute;n, ci jar&iacute; ew hel&uacute;merj jh&eacute; re c&eacute;neb&uacute;ye ku rola zimanek&iacute; standard bileyze. Yekek jhi ar&iacute;shey&eacute;n k&uacute;r &uacute; jid&iacute; y&eacute;n kurmanjiy&eacute; ew e ku s&eacute; zaravey&eacute;n jida li tenisht&eacute; hev geshe kiriye. Her weha di maweya n&eacute;z&iacute; 40-50 sal&iacute; de kurmanj&iacute; bi s&eacute; alfabey&eacute;n jida hatiye niv&iacute;s&iacute;n &uacute; &iacute;ro bi du alfabeyan t&eacute; niv&iacute;s&iacute;n.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Di nav hem&uacute; besh&eacute;n Kurdistan&eacute; de &iacute;ro ten&eacute; Kurdistana Iraq&eacute; derfet&eacute; w&eacute; cend&eacute; t&eacute; de heye ku ziman&eacute; kurd&iacute; azadane b&eacute; bikaran&iacute;n &uacute; rola zimanek&iacute; standard bileyze. Di maweya n&eacute;z&iacute; sed sal&eacute;n bor&iacute; de v&iacute; besh&eacute; Kurdistan&eacute; tim&uacute;da&iacute;m, k&eacute;m yan pir, hel&uacute;merj &uacute; derfeteke wiha heb&uacute;ye, her ew yek jh&iacute; b&uacute;ye sedema p&eacute;shkeftin &uacute; geshekirin &uacute; bistandardb&uacute;na ziman&eacute; kurdiya jh&eacute;r&iacute;n. Div&eacute; ew rast&iacute; b&eacute; zan&iacute;n ku pisht&iacute; r&uacute;xana dewleta Osman&iacute; &uacute; p&eacute;kan&iacute;na dewlet&eacute;n n&uacute; y&eacute;n Rojhhilata Nav&iacute;n, ya ku ziman&eacute; kurd&iacute;, kultur&eacute; kurd&iacute;, sharistaniya kurd&iacute; &uacute; boriya kurd&iacute; parast&iacute;, Kurdistana &Iacute;raq&eacute; &uacute; zaravey&eacute; kurdiyan jh&eacute;r&iacute;n b&uacute;. Di Kurdistana &Iacute;ran&eacute; de jh&iacute; sal&eacute;n 1940-1946-&eacute; jurek azad&iacute; &uacute; p&eacute;shkeftinek hate bidestxistin l&eacute; mixabin her bi z&uacute; hat jhinav birin. Di besh&eacute;n d&iacute; y&eacute;n Kurdistan&eacute; de ziman &uacute; kultur&eacute; kurd&iacute; qedexe b&uacute;ye. Ev tejrubeya m&eacute;jh&uacute;y&iacute; &uacute; dewlemend ya Kurdistana &Iacute;raq&eacute;, jhi hem&uacute; aliyan ve, jhi aliy&eacute; dehan dijhmin, nehez &uacute; neyaran ve hatiye dorp&eacute;c kirin &uacute; her amanja hem&uacute;yan yek e; ew jh&iacute; hilweshandin &uacute; jhinavbirina w&iacute; tejrubey&iacute; ye.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Du st&uacute;n&eacute;n her&eacute; xurt &uacute; mezin y&eacute;n may&iacute;na kurdan di Kurdistana &Iacute;raq&eacute; de, hest&eacute; netewey&iacute; y&eacute; kurd&iacute; ye yan&eacute; xwebikurdzan&iacute;n &uacute; xwebinetewezan&iacute;n &uacute; ziman&eacute; kurd&iacute; ye. Ev herdu st&uacute;n di maweya 50-60 sal&eacute;n bor&iacute; de bi radeyeke gelek fireh xurtir b&uacute;n &uacute; s&iacute;may&eacute; p&eacute;gehishtin &uacute; standardb&uacute;n&eacute; di wan de derket. Qet ne ej&eacute;b e ku h&eacute;z&eacute;n neyar y&eacute;n li dijh&iacute; tejrubeya Kurdistana &Iacute;raq&eacute; kar dikin, bi hishyariy&eacute; ve ber&iacute; her tisht&iacute; l&eacute;dixebitin, van herdu st&uacute;nan hilwesh&iacute;nin. Dijhminiya wan bi away&eacute; parceparcekirin, guman c&eacute;kirin, kel&eacute;n t&eacute;xistin, jhihevd&uacute;rxistina c&iacute;n, tebeqe, navce, d&iacute;n &uacute; mezheb&eacute;n jida y&eacute;n Kurdistan&eacute; xwe numandiye.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Di van cend sal&eacute;n bor&iacute; de vejh&iacute;n &uacute; geshekirineke kultur&iacute; ya fireh, sertaser&eacute; Kurdistana &Iacute;raq&eacute; girtiye &uacute; heta radeyeke bash jh&iacute; tes&iacute;ra xwe li ser besh&eacute;n d&iacute; y&eacute;n Kurdistan&eacute; kiriye; jhi bo sivikkirin &uacute; bic&uacute;kkirina ziman&eacute; standard y&eacute; kurd&iacute; &uacute; gumankirin jhi hem&uacute; saman &uacute; genj&iacute;ney&eacute; dewlemend y&eacute; berhem&eacute; m&eacute;jh&uacute;y&iacute; ku n&eacute;z&iacute; hezar sal ber&eacute; dest p&eacute; kiriye &uacute; gehishtiye &iacute;ro, kampanyayeke pir nerewa &uacute; gumanbar dest p&eacute; kiriye. Ev kampanya, jhi jhimareyek dazwaz&eacute;n nerewa &uacute; hizir&eacute;n nezanist&iacute; p&eacute;k hatiye;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Ziman&eacute; standard y&eacute; kurd&iacute; (kurdiya jh&eacute;r&iacute;n), ziman&eacute; navceyeke bic&uacute;k e &uacute; ziman&eacute; navcey&eacute; Sil&eacute;maniy&eacute; ye<\/li>\n<li>Kurdiya jh&eacute;r&iacute;n jhi aliy&eacute; &iacute;ngil&iacute;zan ve hatiye p&eacute;kan&iacute;n<\/li>\n<li>Wek &raquo;soran&iacute;&laquo; binavkirina kurdiya jh&eacute;r&iacute;n<\/li>\n<li>Piraniya xelk&eacute; Kurdistan&eacute; bi kurmanj&iacute; diaxivin yan&iacute; div&eacute; kurmanj&iacute; bibe ziman&eacute; resm&iacute; y&eacute; hem&uacute; kurdan<\/li>\n<li>Kurd&iacute; zimanek&iacute; jotstandard e &uacute; div&eacute; du ziman&eacute;n resm&iacute; y&eacute;n Kurdistan&eacute; hebin<\/li>\n<li>Div&eacute; di Kurdistan&eacute; de hem&uacute; zarave b&eacute;n bikaran&iacute;n &uacute; her navceyek bi ziman &uacute; devoka navceya xwe bixw&iacute;ne &uacute; kar&eacute; xwe y&eacute;n resm&iacute; bi r&eacute; ve bibe<\/li>\n<li>Alfabeya ku jhi bo niv&iacute;s&iacute;na kurdiya jh&eacute;r&iacute;n t&eacute; bikaran&iacute;n, alfabeya ereb&iacute; ye<\/li>\n<li>Jhi ber ku hem&uacute; welat&eacute;n p&eacute;shkeft&iacute; y&eacute;n dinyay&eacute;, alfabeya lat&iacute;n&iacute; bi kar dibin, div&eacute; kurd jh&iacute; alfabeya xwe biguherin da ku wek wan p&eacute;sh bikevin<\/li>\n<li>Alfabeya ereb&iacute; di gel deng&eacute;n ziman&eacute; kurd&iacute; de nagunje l&eacute; alfabeya lat&iacute;n&iacute; deng&eacute;n ziman&eacute; kurd&iacute; bashtir der dibire<\/li>\n<li>Div&eacute; em alfabeya lat&iacute;n&iacute; bi kar b&iacute;nin da ku xwe jhi ereb &uacute; &iacute;slam&eacute; rizgar bikin<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Ev daxwaz, b&iacute;r &uacute; boc&uacute;n&eacute;n jhor&iacute;n, hem&uacute; li ser bingeha cavbestin, veshartina rastiy&eacute; &uacute; p&eacute;shk&eacute;shkirina zirebelge &uacute; zirezanist derketine &uacute; hatine p&eacute;shk&eacute;sh kirin. Bi h&uacute;rb&uacute;neke normal jh&eacute; derdixin ku her hem&uacute; beshek in jhi &eacute;r&iacute;sh&eacute;n li ser tejrubeya Kurdistana &Iacute;raq&eacute; &uacute; amanj&eacute; wan jh&iacute; wek min ber&eacute; qal kir, hilweshandina du st&uacute;n&eacute;n xurt, netewey&iacute; &uacute; ziman&eacute; standard e.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Ez bi rast&iacute; di niv&iacute;sar &uacute; hevpeyiv&iacute;n&eacute;n xwe de bi d&uacute;r&uacute;dir&eacute;jh&iacute; li ser van mijharan axiv&iacute;me &uacute; ne hewje ye li vir, wan zanyar&iacute; &uacute; belgeyan jhi n&uacute; ve dubare bikim. Di v&eacute; pirt&uacute;k&eacute; de jh&iacute; beshek mezin ya wan mamostay&eacute;n ku hevpeyiv&iacute;n di gel wan hatiye kirin yan l&eacute;kol&iacute;n&eacute;n xwe p&eacute;shk&eacute;sh kirine, bi awayek&iacute; fireh &uacute; mentiq&iacute; bersiva piraniya wan zirebelgeyan dane.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Daxwazeke gelek&iacute; nerewa wek bikaran&iacute;na hem&uacute; zaravey&eacute;n ziman&eacute; kurd&iacute; wek&iacute; ziman&eacute; xwendin &uacute; ziman&eacute; resm&iacute; di bin nav&eacute; demokras&iacute; &uacute; azadiya hilbijhartin&eacute; de, n&iacute;shaneyeke ashkere ye ku hilgir&eacute;n wan n&eacute;r&iacute;nan cawa jhi bo xapandina mirov&eacute; kurd pena dibine ber dirushm&eacute; reng bi reng, l&eacute; piraniya wan ne pashxan&eacute; wan y&eacute; siyas&iacute; ye &uacute; ne n&eacute;r&iacute;na wan di gel demokras&iacute; &uacute; azad&iacute;xwaziy&eacute; de digunje.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Y&eacute;n ku bi nav&eacute; demokrasiyeke derew&iacute;n &uacute; maf&eacute;n mirovan daxwaz&eacute; dikin ku jhi hem&uacute; zaravey&eacute;n ziman&eacute; kurd&iacute; re heman derfet b&eacute; day&iacute;n &uacute; bibine ziman&eacute; resm&iacute; di Kurdistan&eacute; de, div&eacute; bikaribin bersiva van herdu pirsan bidin:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Gelo jhi bil&iacute; kurdiya jh&eacute;r&iacute;n ci zimanek&iacute; kurd&iacute; dikare erk&eacute; zimanek&iacute; standard &uacute; zimanek&iacute; resm&iacute; hilgire ser mil&eacute; xwe? Cax&eacute; ku ez dib&eacute;jhim &raquo;ziman&eacute; standard &uacute; ziman&eacute; resm&iacute;&laquo; armanja min ew e ku ewqes dewlemend &uacute; p&eacute;shk&eacute;sht&iacute; be &uacute; ewqes damezraw&iacute; be ku bibe ziman&eacute; niv&iacute;s&iacute;n &uacute; xwendin&eacute; y&eacute; zanistiy&eacute;n jor bi jor, bi w&iacute; ziman&iacute; kar&uacute;bar&eacute; dewlet&eacute; di war&eacute;n jida y&eacute;n &iacute;dar&iacute; de b&eacute;n bir&eacute;vebirin &uacute; bikaribe xwe digel p&eacute;shkeftin&eacute;n tekn&iacute;k&iacute; &uacute; zanist&iacute; y&eacute;n dinyaya &iacute;ro de bigunj&iacute;ne, xwe n&uacute; &uacute; dewlemend bike.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<li>Eger amanja me di pasherojh&eacute; de (ev pasherojh d&uacute;r jh&iacute; be) ew be ku kurd bibe xwediy&eacute; yek ziman&eacute; yekgirt&iacute; &uacute; yek ziman&eacute; resm&iacute;? Ew di demek&eacute; de daxwaza w&eacute; cend&eacute; dikin ku her navceyeke Kurdistan&eacute; bila bi zaravey&eacute;n xwe bixw&iacute;ne. Her weha behsa w&eacute; cend&eacute; jh&iacute; dikin ku di enjama geshekirina van zaraveyan de pashe zimanek&iacute; yekgirt&iacute; b&eacute; c&eacute; kirin. L&eacute; tu jar&iacute; nekarine w&eacute; cend&eacute; ashkere bikin ku ka nexsheya gehishtina w&eacute; amanj&eacute; cawa ye &uacute; k&iacute;jhan e? Gelo eger zarave b&uacute;n ziman&eacute; ragihandin&eacute; &uacute; ziman&eacute; xwendin&eacute; di navcey&eacute;n ku p&eacute; t&eacute; axiv&iacute;n de, di nava cend salan de nabin ziman&eacute;n serbixwe? Ma w&eacute; dem&eacute; em d&eacute; cawa bikarin cend zimanan n&eacute;z&iacute; hev bikin &uacute; jhi wan zimanek&iacute; standard c&eacute; bikin?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Xuya ye bersivdaneke rastgoy&iacute; ya wan pirsan, niyaza r&uacute;x&eacute;nerane &uacute; nezanistiyane ya xwediy&eacute; wan n&eacute;r&iacute;nan shermezar dike &uacute; ashkere dike ku amanja wan ten&eacute; sh&eacute;l&iacute;kirina rewsha zimanevan&iacute;, kultur&iacute; &uacute; siyas&iacute; ya Kurdistan&eacute; ye, ne ku careserkirina probleman.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Careser:<\/p>\n<p>Pir gir&iacute;ng e em di dema got&uacute;b&eacute;jh&eacute;n derbar&eacute; meseleya ziman&eacute; kurd&iacute; de w&eacute; cend&eacute; jhi b&iacute;r nekin ku em qala Kurdistana Jh&eacute;r&iacute;n yan&eacute; Kurdistana &Iacute;raq&eacute; dikin, ne ku hem&uacute; Kurdistan&eacute;, cimk&iacute; Kurdistana Jh&eacute;r&iacute;n take besh&eacute; Kurdistan&eacute; y&eacute; n&iacute;vserbixwe &uacute; azadiyek heye &uacute; dikare di war&eacute; xwendin, ziman &uacute; kultur&eacute; de plan bi nuha &uacute; pasherojha xwe jh&iacute; darijhe. Meseleyeke gir&iacute;ng &uacute; jhiyan&iacute; ya wek ziman&eacute; resm&iacute;, ya w&eacute; cend&eacute; n&iacute;ne ku bo lihevkirin &uacute; bo pasherojheke nediyar bi jih bih&eacute;lin belk&iacute; div&eacute; hec&iacute; z&uacute;tir careyek jh&eacute; re b&eacute; d&iacute;tin.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Di v&eacute; duriyana gir&iacute;ng, nazik &uacute; xeternak ya m&eacute;jh&uacute;y&eacute; netewey&eacute; kurd &uacute; n&iacute;shtiman&eacute; w&iacute; de erkeke pir mezin &uacute; m&eacute;jh&uacute;y&iacute; dikeve st&uacute;y&eacute; biryarder&eacute;n Kurdistana &Iacute;raq&eacute;. Ew eger bixwazin kesayetiya wan ya siyas&iacute; di asta berpirsiyariya m&eacute;jh&uacute;y&iacute; &uacute; netewey&iacute; ya bi wan hatiye spartin de nelenge, div&eacute; bi baweriyeke temam, b&eacute;y&iacute; ci dudiliyek&eacute; biryar&eacute; bidin &uacute; xwe bikin xwediy&eacute; w&eacute; biryar&eacute; ku ez pishrast im d&eacute; di sertaser&eacute; m&eacute;jh&uacute;y&eacute; kurd de bibe mezintir&iacute;n &uacute; temendir&eacute;jhtir&iacute;n biryar &uacute; destkeft. Div&eacute; biryar bidin ku ziman&eacute; kurdiya jh&eacute;r&iacute;n ku cend&iacute;n sal in rola ziman&eacute; standard dileyze, bi alfabeya kurd&iacute; ku di maweya hezar sal&iacute; de geshe kiriye, bibe ziman&eacute; resm&iacute; y&eacute; her&eacute;ma Kurdistan&eacute;. Yan&eacute; di sertaser&eacute; her&eacute;ma Kurdistana I&Iacute;raq&eacute; de bibe ziman&eacute; &iacute;dar&iacute; y&eacute; hik&uacute;met, xwendin, perwerde, dezgeh&eacute;n resm&iacute; &uacute; gisht&iacute; y&eacute;n ragihandin&eacute;. Ziman&eacute; standard &uacute; resm&iacute; y&eacute; kurd&iacute; div&eacute; bi genj&iacute;neya peyiv &uacute; derbir&iacute;na zaravey&eacute;n d&iacute; y&eacute;n ziman&eacute; kurd b&eacute; dewlemend kirin.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Biresm&iacute;b&uacute;na kurdiya jh&eacute;r&iacute;n wek zimanek&iacute; standard &uacute; resm&iacute;, ci jar nay&eacute; w&eacute; watey&eacute; ku zaravey&eacute;n d&iacute; y&eacute;n kurd&iacute; d&eacute; b&eacute;n qedexe kirin yan b&eacute;n pishtguh xistin, belk&iacute; div&eacute; al&iacute;kariya wan zaraveyan b&eacute; kirin da ku geshe bikin &uacute; b&eacute;n dewlemend kirin &uacute; di war&eacute; ragihandina navcey&iacute; de b&eacute;n bikaran&iacute;n. Her weha div&eacute; pishtgiriya buhay&eacute;n folklor &uacute; edebiyata klas&iacute;k &uacute; edebiyata modern y&eacute;n wan folkloran b&eacute; kirin &uacute; bibin mijhar&eacute;n l&eacute;kol&iacute;n&eacute;n zanistiy&eacute;.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Ziman&eacute; standard y&eacute; kurd&iacute; zaravey&eacute; ci navceyeke taybet ya Kurdistan&eacute; n&iacute;ne belk&iacute; berhem&eacute; geshekirin &uacute; dewlemendb&uacute;nek&eacute; ye ku di enjama t&eacute;kelb&uacute;na zaraveyan de p&eacute;k hatiye. Ziman&eacute; standard y&eacute; kurd&iacute; sh&iacute;reya hem&uacute; zaravey&eacute;n ziman&eacute; kurd&iacute; ye &uacute; enjama berhem&eacute; fikr&iacute; &uacute; hishyariya netewey&iacute; ye, shert n&iacute;ne hem&uacute; ax&eacute;ver&eacute;n zaravey&eacute;n jor bi jor y&eacute;n ziman&eacute; kurd&iacute; di axaftina rojhane de bi kar b&iacute;nin yan bi temam&iacute; t&eacute; bigehin, eger bi w&iacute; ziman&eacute; standard xwendevaniya wan nebe. Ziman&eacute; ereb&iacute; y&eacute; standard peyiv&eacute;n piraniya zaravey&eacute;n d&iacute; girtine nava xwe l&eacute; ax&eacute;ver&eacute;n ci zaraveyek&iacute; ereb&iacute;, ziman&eacute; standard, di axavtin&eacute; de bi kar nay&iacute;nin, heya bigire xelk&eacute; Qureysh&eacute; bi xwe jh&iacute;. Yan&eacute; navceya Mekke &uacute; Med&iacute;ney&eacute;; welat&eacute; H&iacute;jaz&eacute; ku ziman li wir peyda b&uacute;ye, ew jh&iacute; bi w&iacute; ziman&eacute; standard neaxivin.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Di nav zaravey&eacute;n ziman&eacute; kurd&iacute; de ten&eacute; kurdiya jh&eacute;r&iacute;n di proseseke wiha re derbas b&uacute;ye. Ziman&eacute; standard y&eacute; kurd&iacute; ku c&eacute;dibe jhi destp&eacute;k&eacute; ve li navcey&eacute;n Sil&eacute;man&iacute; &uacute; Sharez&uacute;r&eacute; bingeha w&eacute; hat dan&iacute;n, l&eacute; jhi z&uacute; ve bi x&eacute;ra sha&rsquo;&iacute;r&eacute;n mezin y&eacute;n wek Nal&iacute; (Sharez&uacute;r) &uacute; Haj&iacute; Qadir&iacute; Koy&iacute; (Koy&eacute;) &uacute; Wefay&iacute; (Sablaj) &uacute; Sh&eacute;x Rezay&iacute; Taleban&iacute; (Kerk&uacute;k&iacute;) &uacute; pashe sedan sha&rsquo;&iacute;r &uacute; niv&iacute;skar &uacute; ronakb&iacute;r&eacute;n zaravey&eacute;n jida, dewlemend b&uacute;ye &uacute; b&uacute;ye genj&iacute;neyek ku t&eacute;kiliya w&eacute; di gel devok&eacute;n jh&eacute;der y&eacute;n xwe (sil&eacute;man&iacute; &uacute; sharez&uacute;r&iacute;) heta radeyek k&eacute;m b&uacute;ye &uacute; cend gav jh&iacute; xwe n&eacute;z&iacute; zaravey&eacute;n d&iacute; kiriye, b&eacute;y&iacute; ku bi temam&iacute; bishibe zaraveyeke d&iacute;.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Enjameke pir surisht&iacute; ew e ku hem&uacute;, her kurdek&iacute; xwendevan w&iacute; ziman&eacute; standard fahm bike &uacute; p&eacute; bixw&iacute;ne &uacute; biniv&iacute;se, b&eacute;y&iacute; ku necar be di jhiyana rojhene de di nav mala xwe, taxa xwe &uacute; bajhar&eacute; xwe de bi w&iacute; ziman&eacute; standard &uacute; resm&iacute; biaxive. Tu zaraveyek&iacute; d&iacute; y&eacute; ziman&eacute; kurd&iacute; di v&eacute; proses&eacute; de derbas neb&uacute;ye &uacute; nekariye zaravey&eacute;n d&iacute; y&eacute;n kurd&iacute; di nav xwe de bihew&iacute;ne &uacute; hezim bike &uacute; bike beshek jhi dewlemendiya xwe.<\/p>\n<p>Halloj&eacute; Lar&eacute; &nbsp;&#8211;&nbsp;hallocilare@googlemail.com<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Jh&eacute;rd&eacute;rr<\/em><\/strong><em>: em n&uacute;ceye le mallperr&iacute;&nbsp;<a class=\"ext\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(172, 48, 32); text-decoration: none; \" href=\"http:\/\/www.kulturname.com\/?p=1648\">Kulturname.com<\/a>&nbsp;be r&eacute;n&uacute;s&iacute; Kurd&iacute;-Bedir xan&iacute; werg&iacute;rawe &uacute; bo xiw&eacute;neran&iacute; KAL h&eacute;nirawete ser r&eacute;n&uacute;s&iacute; Kurd&iacute;-Yekgirt&uacute;<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Veguhastin &uacute; P&eacute;shk&eacute;shkirin: Halloj&iacute; Lar&eacute; Ferhat Shakel&iacute;: &raquo;Div&eacute; biryar&eacute; bidin ku ziman&eacute; kurdiya jh&eacute;r&iacute;n ku cend&iacute;n sal in rola ziman&eacute; standard dileyze, ku bi alfabeya kurd&iacute;<span class=\"excerpt-hellip\"> [\u2026]<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":798,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-803","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurdishacademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/803","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurdishacademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurdishacademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurdishacademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurdishacademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=803"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kurdishacademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/803\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurdishacademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurdishacademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=803"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurdishacademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=803"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurdishacademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=803"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}