{"id":284,"date":"2008-06-01T23:12:53","date_gmt":"2008-06-01T23:12:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp\/wordpress\/existing-kurdish-alphabets\/"},"modified":"2022-02-03T19:24:36","modified_gmt":"2022-02-03T19:24:36","slug":"existing-kurdish-alphabets","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kurdishacademy.org\/?page_id=284","title":{"rendered":"Current Practised Kurdish alphabets"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row 0=””][vc_column][vc_column_text 0=””]<\/p>\n

J\u00farey P\u00edtekan\u00ed Alfab\u00e9y (Elfub\u00e9y \u0626\u0647\u200c\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0628\u06ce) Kurd\u00ed<\/b><\/p>\n

It is frequently stated that current Kurdish writing systems have numerous flaws. Workability, cross-dialectal usage, and a lack of International IT-based Standards and representation for Kurdish are among them. To avoid the communication challenges posed by the existence of various Kurdish writing systems, this writer’s organisation developed a Kurdish Unified Alphabet (KUAL) or Yekgirt\u00fa<\/a> that is based on International ISO-8859-1 Standards code making and enabled by most common Unicode code presenting. This modern Kurdish (IS) alphabet incorporated minor changes to the existing Latin-based alphabet, as well as new signs. The new signs were added to improve the flexibility of the Kurdish writing system. The new signs were added to improve the flexibility of the Kurdish writing system. This effort was made as part of KAL’s larger effort to revitalise and promote the use of the Kurdish language for the benefit of the next generation of Kurds. KAL’s system was designed and presented to be simple and adequate for communicating via the Internet and other electronic media. This proposal’s viability is explained in a Kurdish Orthography Timeline<\/a>, which dates back to the 1780s. (For a timeline of Kurdish orthography, See A Kurdish Orthography TIMELINE<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
KUAL – Yekgirt\u00fa <\/span><\/b>
\n(Unified Kurdish)<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n		North Kurdish<\/span><\/b>
\n(Latin Kurmanj\u00ee)<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n		North Kurdish<\/span><\/b>
\n(Cyrillic Kurmanj\u00ed)<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n		Central Kurdish<\/span><\/b>
\n(Soran\u00ed – modified Arabic)<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A \u00a0 a<\/b><\/td>\nA \u00a0 a<\/b><\/td>\nA \u00a0 a<\/b><\/td>\n\u0626\u0627 \u00a0 \u0640\u0627 \u00a0 \u0627<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B \u00a0 b<\/b><\/td>\nB \u00a0 b<\/b><\/td>\n\u0411 \u00a0 \u0431 <\/b><\/td>\n\u0628 \u00a0 \u0640\u0628\u0640 \u00a0 \u0640\u0628 \u00a0 \u0628\u0640 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C \u00a0 c<\/b><\/td>\n\u00c7 \u00a0 \u00e7<\/b><\/td>\n\u0427 \u00a0 \u0447 <\/b><\/td>\n\u0686 \u00a0 \u0640\u0686 \u00a0 \u0640\u0686\u0640 \u00a0 \u0686\u0640 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
D d <\/b><\/td>\nD d <\/b><\/td>\n\u0414 \u00a0 \u0434 <\/b><\/td>\n\u062f \u00a0 \u0640\u0640\u062f<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
E e <\/b><\/td>\nE e<\/b><\/td>\n\u04d8 \u00a0 \u04d9 <\/b><\/td>\n\u06d5 \u00a0 \u0640\u0647 \u00a0 \u0626\u06d5 <\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00c9 \u00a0 \u00e9 <\/b><\/td>\n\u00ca \u00a0 \u00ea<\/b><\/td>\nE \u00a0 e\u00a0 (\u042d \u044d)<\/b><\/td>\n\u06ce \u00a0 \u0640\u06ce \u00a0 \u0640\u06ce\u0640 \u00a0 \u06ce\u0640 \u00a0<\/b> \u0626\u06ce\u0640<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F \u00a0 f <\/b><\/td>\nF \u00a0 f <\/b><\/td>\n\u0424 \u00a0 \u0444 <\/b><\/td>\n\u0641 \u00a0 \u0640\u0641 \u00a0 \u0640\u0641\u0640 \u00a0 \u0641\u0640 <\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
G \u00a0 g <\/b><\/td>\nG \u00a0 g<\/b><\/td>\n\u0413 \u00a0 \u0433 <\/b><\/td>\n\u06af \u00a0 \u0640\u06af \u00a0 \u0640\u06af\u0640 \u00a0 \u06af\u0640\u0640 <\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
H \u00a0 h<\/b><\/td>\nH \u00a0 h<\/b><\/td>\nh \u00a0 h <\/b><\/td>\n\u0647\u0640 \u00a0 \u0640\u0647\u0640 <\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
I \u00a0 i <\/b><\/td>\nI \u00a0 i <\/b><\/td>\n\u042c\u00a0\u00a0 \u044c <\/b><\/td>\n\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0633\u0631\u0649<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00cd \u00a0 \u00ed <\/b><\/td>\n\u00ce \u00a0 \u00ee <\/b><\/td>\n\u0418 \u00a0 \u0438 <\/b><\/td>\n\u0649 \u00a0 \u0626\u0649 \u00a0 \u0640\u064a\u0640 \u00a0 \u064a\u0640 <\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
J \u00a0 j<\/b><\/td>\nC \u00a0 c<\/b><\/td>\n\u0429 \u00a0 \u0449 <\/b><\/td>\n\u062c \u00a0 \u0640\u062c \u00a0 \u0640\u062c\u0640 \u00a0 \u062c\u0640 <\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Jh \u00a0 jh <\/b><\/td>\nJ \u00a0 j <\/b><\/td>\n\u0416 \u00a0 \u0436 <\/b><\/td>\n\u0698 \u00a0 \u0640\u0698 \u00a0 <\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
K \u00a0 k <\/b><\/td>\nK \u00a0 k <\/b><\/td>\n\u041a \u00a0 \u043a <\/b><\/td>\n\u06a9 \u00a0 \u0640\u06a9 \u00a0 \u0640\u06a9\u0640 \u00a0 \u06a9\u0640\u0640 <\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
L \u00a0 l<\/b><\/td>\nL \u00a0 l<\/b><\/td>\n\u041b \u00a0 \u043b <\/b><\/td>\n\u0644 \u00a0 \u0640\u0644 \u00a0 \u0640\u0644\u0640 \u00a0 \u0644\u0640\u0640 <\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ll<\/b><\/td>\nN\u00eene<\/b><\/td>\n\u041b\u2019\u00a0 \u043b\u2019<\/b><\/td>\n\u06b5 \u00a0 \u0640\u06b5 \u00a0 \u0640\u06b5\u0640 \u00a0 \u06b5\u0640\u0640 <\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
M \u00a0 m<\/b><\/td>\nM \u00a0 m<\/b><\/td>\nM \u00a0 \u043c <\/b><\/td>\n\u0645 \u00a0 \u0640\u0645 \u00a0 \u0640\u0645\u0640 \u00a0 \u0645\u0640\u0640 <\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
N \u00a0 n<\/b><\/td>\nN \u00a0 n<\/b><\/td>\n\u041d\u00a0 \u043d<\/td>\n\u0646 \u00a0 \u0640\u0646 \u00a0 \u0640\u0646\u0640 \u00a0 \u0646\u0640\u0640 <\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
O \u00a0 o<\/b><\/td>\nO \u00a0 o<\/b><\/td>\nO \u00a0 o<\/b><\/td>\n\u06c6 \u00a0 \u0640\u06c6 \u00a0 \u0626\u06c6 <\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
P \u00a0 p<\/b><\/td>\nP \u00a0 p<\/b><\/td>\n\u041f \u00a0 \u043f <\/b><\/td>\n\u067e \u00a0 \u0640\u067e \u00a0 \u0640\u067e\u0640 \u00a0 \u067e\u0640\u0640 <\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Q \u00a0 q<\/b><\/td>\nQ \u00a0 q<\/b><\/td>\nQ \u00a0 q<\/b><\/td>\n\u0642 \u00a0 \u0640\u0642 \u00a0 \u0640\u0642\u0640 \u00a0 \u0642\u0640\u0640 <\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
R \u00a0 r<\/b><\/td>\nR \u00a0 r<\/b><\/td>\n\u0420\u00a0\u00a0 \u0440<\/b><\/td>\n\u0631 \u00a0 \u0640\u0631 \u00a0 <\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
rr<\/b><\/td>\nN\u00eene<\/b><\/td>\n\u0420\u2019\u00a0\u00a0 \u0440\u2019 <\/b><\/td>\n\u0695 \u00a0 \u0640\u0695<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
S \u00a0 s<\/b><\/td>\nS \u00a0 s<\/b><\/td>\nC \u00a0 c<\/b><\/td>\n\u0633 \u00a0 \u0640\u0633 \u00a0 \u0640\u0633\u0640 \u00a0 \u0633\u0640\u0640 <\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sh \u00a0 Sh<\/b><\/td>\n\u015e \u00a0 \u015f <\/b><\/td>\n\u0428\u00a0 \u0448<\/td>\n\u0634 \u00a0 \u0640\u0634 \u00a0 \u0640\u0634\u0640 \u00a0 \u0634\u0640\u0640 <\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
T \u00a0 t<\/b><\/td>\nT \u00a0 t<\/b><\/td>\nT \u00a0 \u0442 <\/b><\/td>\n\u062a \u00a0 \u0640\u062a \u00a0 \u0640\u062a\u0640 \u00a0 \u062a\u0640\u0640 <\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
U \u00a0 u<\/b><\/td>\nU \u00a0 u<\/b><\/td>\n\u00d6 \u00a0 \u00f6<\/b><\/td>\n\u0648 \u00a0 \u0640\u0648 \u00a0 \u0626\u0648 <\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00da \u00a0 \u00fa<\/b><\/td>\n\u00db \u00a0 \u00fb<\/b><\/td>\n\u0423 \u00a0 \u0443<\/b><\/td>\n\u0648\u0648 \u00a0 \u0640\u0648\u0648<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00d9 \u00a0 \u00f9<\/b><\/td>\nN\u00eene<\/b><\/td>\n\u041d\u0438\u043d\u044d<\/b><\/td>\n\u0646\u06cc\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u062a\u06cc<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
V \u00a0 v <\/b><\/td>\nV \u00a0 v<\/b><\/td>\nB \u00a0 \u0432 <\/b><\/td>\n\u06a4 \u00a0 \u0640\u06a4 \u00a0 \u0640\u06a4\u0640 \u00a0 \u06a4\u0640<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
W \u00a0 w<\/b><\/td>\nW \u00a0 w<\/b><\/td>\nW\u00a0\u00a0 w<\/b><\/td>\n\u0648 \u00a0 \u0640\u0648<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
X \u00a0 x<\/b><\/td>\nX \u00a0 x<\/b><\/td>\nX \u00a0\u00a0 x<\/b><\/td>\n\u062e \u00a0 \u0640\u062e \u00a0 \u0640\u062e\u0640 \u00a0 \u062e\u0640 <\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Y \u00a0 y<\/b><\/td>\nY \u00a0 y<\/b><\/td>\n\u0419\u00a0 \u0439<\/td>\n\u0649 \u00a0 \u0626\u0649 \u00a0 \u0640\u064a\u0640 \u00a0 \u064a\u0640 <\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Z \u00a0 z<\/b><\/td>\nZ \u00a0 z<\/b><\/td>\n\u0417 \u00a0 \u0437<\/span><\/td>\n\u0632 \u00a0 \u0640\u0632<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(<\/b>\u1e22 \u1e23<\/strong>)*<\/b><\/td>\nH\u00a0 h<\/b><\/td>\nh<\/b>\u2019\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b>h<\/b>\u2019<\/b><\/td>\n\u062d \u00a0 \u0640\u062d \u00a0 \u0640\u062d\u0640 \u00a0 \u062d\u0640 <\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(<\/b>\u00c6 \u00e6<\/strong>)*<\/b><\/td>\nE\u00a0 e<\/b><\/td>\n\u04d8\u2019<\/b> \u00a0 <\/b>\u04d9\u2019<\/b><\/td>\n\u0639 \u00a0 \u0640\u0639 \u00a0 \u0640\u0639\u0640 \u00a0 \u0639\u0640 <\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(<\/b>\u1e8a \u1e8b<\/strong>)*<\/b><\/td>\nX\u00a0 x<\/td>\n\u0403\u00a0\u00a0 \u0453<\/span><\/td>\n\u063a \u00a0 \u0640\u063a \u00a0 \u0640\u063a\u0640 \u00a0 \u063a\u0640 <\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(Kh\u00a0 kh)<\/strong>*<\/b><\/td>\nK\u00a0 k<\/b><\/td>\n\u040c\u00a0\u00a0 \u045c\u00a0 *<\/b>*<\/b><\/td>\n\u0646\u06cc\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u062a\u06cc<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(Ph\u00a0 ph)<\/strong>*<\/b><\/td>\nP\u00a0 p<\/b><\/td>\n\u041f\u2019\u00a0 \u043f\u2019\u00a0 *<\/b>*<\/b><\/td>\n\u0646\u06cc\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u062a\u06cc<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(Th\u00a0 th)<\/strong>*<\/b><\/td>\nT\u00a0 t<\/b><\/td>\n\u0422\u2019\u00a0 \u0442\u2019\u00a0 *<\/b>*<\/b><\/td>\n\u0646\u06cc\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u062a\u06cc<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

visit\u00a0 conversion tools<\/a> section for conversion between these alphabets<\/p>\n

* rear and loaned cases for local dialect adjustment only<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

** Kurdish-Cyrillic aspirated cases (Please see FAQ section<\/a>)<\/em><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. See a comparison of Kurdish, Persian, Arabic and Turkish Alphabet<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. The Unified version KUAL (Yekgirt\u00fa) proposed by KAL has been chosen carefully among ISO-8859-1<\/a> international standard codes with Unicode Scripting layout for Basic Latin<\/a> and Latin One<\/a>.<\/li>\n
  3. The Script alphabet for Northern Kurdish dialect (Kurmanj\u00ed) follows the International recognized standard for Turkish language ISO-8859-9<\/a>, with Unicode Scripting layout for Basic Latin<\/a> and Unicode Basic Extended Group A<\/a>.<\/li>\n
  4. The Script alphabet for Northern Kurdish dialect (Red Kurmanj\u00ed) follows the International recognized standard for Cyrillic Scripting group ISO-8859-5<\/a>, with Unicode Scripting layout for Basic Latin Cyrillic<\/a>.<\/li>\n
  5. The Script alphabet for Central Kurdish dialect (Soran\u00ed) follows partly the International recognized standard for Arabic language ISO-8859-6<\/a> and some none standard extensions, with Unicode Scripting layout for Arabic Scripting<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Prepared by Dr Dilan M.R. Roshani<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    [vc_row 0=””][vc_column][vc_column_text 0=””] J\u00farey P\u00edtekan\u00ed Alfab\u00e9y (Elfub\u00e9y \u0626\u0647\u200c\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0628\u06ce) Kurd\u00ed It is frequently stated that current Kurdish writing systems have numerous flaws. Workability, cross-dialectal usage, and a [\u2026]<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-284","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurdishacademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/284","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurdishacademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurdishacademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurdishacademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurdishacademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=284"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/kurdishacademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/284\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3123,"href":"https:\/\/kurdishacademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/284\/revisions\/3123"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurdishacademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=284"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurdishacademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=284"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurdishacademy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=284"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}